Estate Planning Meets FAFSA

Estate Planning Meets FAFSA: Smart Strategies for Asset Ownership

January 02, 20256 min read

When preparing for college expenses, understanding how financial aid and estate planning intersect can make a significant difference. This article will explain how asset ownership influences aid eligibility, offer actionable strategies to increase the chances of receiving aid and highlight estate planning tools that can protect your wealth while optimizing support for your child’s education.

FAFSA and Asset Ownership: The Basics

The FAFSA, or Free Application for Federal Student Aid, evaluates a student’s financial need based on several factors, including family income and assets. However, not all assets are created equal in the eyes of FAFSA. The way those assets are owned—whether by the parent, the student, or even a third party—can have a big impact on financial aid eligibility.

Here’s the key: FAFSA assesses up to 5.64% of parent-owned assets when calculating the Expected Family Contribution (EFC). For student-owned assets, though, that number jumps to a whopping 20%. So, keeping assets out of your student’s name increases their chances of receiving financial aid.

Put another way, parent-owned assets are less punitive than student-owned ones. Consider assets like your savings account, investments, or a 529 college savings plan. If you, the parent, own the asset, only 5.64% of its value is considered in the EFC calculation.

But if your child owns assets outright—like in a UGMA or UTMA custodial account— those accounts will be subject to a 20% assessment. For example, if your child has $10,000 in one of these accounts, FAFSA will expect $2,000 of it to go toward college costs. Ouch.

What can you do? You can’t legally change UGMA/UTMA accounts ownership because they belong to the child. However, consider using a 529 plan or a parent’s investment account instead for future savings.

And what about third-party-owned assets? If Grandma owns the 529 plan, FAFSA doesn’t count the asset itself, but it will count distributions as student income in the following year—and student income (as compared to student assets) is assessed at up to 50%. If Grandma is generous in the wrong way, that could seriously hurt your student’s financial aid package.

Estate Planning Meets FAFSA

Here’s where estate planning comes into play. By structuring your assets wisely, you can minimize their impact on financial aid. Let’s explore a few strategies:

1.      Irrevocable Trusts

An irrevocable trust can be a powerful tool in estate planning and can remove assets from a person’s estate for tax purposes. However, irrevocable trusts are counted for FAFSA purposes if the student or parent is a beneficiary of an irrevocable trust. Note that the entire value of the trust should not be reported, but the beneficiary’s proportional share must be reported. In addition,  if the trust distributes income to the student, that income will be assessed at up to 50%. So, use irrevocable trusts with caution.

2.      Retirement Accounts: Hidden Gems

Good news: FAFSA does not count assets in qualified retirement accounts like 401(k)s, IRAs, and Roth IRAs. This makes retirement savings a double win—you’re preparing for your future in a tax-advantaged manner and protecting your child’s financial aid eligibility.

Pro tip: If you have extra savings that would otherwise count on FAFSA, consider contributing to your retirement account. It’s a FAFSA-friendly way to reduce your countable assets.

3.      Pay Down Debt

Another savvy move is to use liquid assets to pay down debt, such as your mortgage or student loans. FAFSA doesn’t count your home’s equity or the balance of your debts, so this strategy can reduce your reportable assets without hurting your financial position.

4.      Timing Is Everything

FAFSA looks at your financial situation as of the day you file the form. That means you can time certain financial moves to optimize your aid eligibility. For instance, if you’re planning to sell an investment or receive a large bonus, try to do so after filing FAFSA to avoid inflating your assets or income for that year.

Practical Steps to Take Now

So, what can you do right now to prepare? Here are some actionable steps:

Review Your Assets: Make a list of all your family’s assets, including who owns them. Pay special attention to student-owned accounts and assets held in trusts.

Shift Savings to FAFSA-Friendly Accounts: If you’re saving for college, prioritize 529 plans owned by you, the parent. Avoid putting large sums into custodial accounts.

Create a Life & Legacy Plan: Work with us to create a comprehensive Life & Legacy Plan that may include irrevocable trusts or other strategies to protect your assets and your financial aid eligibility.

Max Out Retirement Contributions: If possible, contribute to your 401(k) or IRA to reduce your countable assets while securing your financial future.

Plan Ahead for Income Events: Be mindful of how bonuses, stock sales, or other income events could affect your FAFSA profile. If possible, defer these until after filing.

The Big Picture

Balancing estate planning and FAFSA eligibility can feel like walking a tightrope. On one hand, you want to preserve your family’s wealth and secure your child’s future. Conversely, you don’t want to leave money on the table regarding financial aid.

Understanding how asset ownership works and taking strategic steps can position your family for success. Whether it’s shifting assets, leveraging trusts, or timing your financial moves, a little planning can go a long way. And when that acceptance letter arrives—along with a generous financial aid package—you’ll be glad you took the time to get it right.

How We Help

As your Personal Family Lawyer® Firm, we can help you create a comprehensive strategy that optimizes both education funding and wealth preservation goals. We’ll work with you to structure your assets effectively and ensure your plan adapts as the law changes, your assets change, or your family dynamics change. Our approach focuses on creating clarity and consistency across all aspects of your financial planning, from education funding to legacy preservation.

Schedule your complimentary 15-minute consultation today and learn how we can help you create the right plan for your family. (859) 344-6742


This article is a service of Freedom Law Services. We don’t just draft documents; we ensure you make informed, empowered decisions about life and death for yourself and the people you love. That’s why we offer a Family Wealth Planning Session™. During the session, you will get more financially organized than ever before and make all the best choices for the people you love. You can begin by calling our office today to schedule a Family Wealth Planning Session and mention this article to find out how to get this valuable session at no charge.

This material was created for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as ERISA, tax, legal, or investment advice. If you seek legal advice specific to your needs, such advice services must be obtained independently, separate from this educational material.

Eric Beutel is a son, husband and father of three. He grew up in the northern suburbs of Cincinnati, Ohio. Guided by his parents’ wisdom, empathy, love, Eric grew to become a man who loves God, his family, and his country. A product of local public schools, Eric studied Quantitative Analysis and Marketing at the University of Cincinnati. After earning his Bachelor of Business Administration degree, he began a career in business taking on various roles, from database manager and programmer to business manager and financial analyst. While working, Eric earned an MBA from the University of Cincinnati. Finally, after establishing a career in business management and corporate finance, Eric embarked on his aspiration of becoming a lawyer. He attended law school at night while continuing his demanding full-time job as a senior member of the controllership team at GE Aviation. Eric graduated from Northern Kentucky University’s Salmon P. Chase College of Law. While in law school, Eric, his wife Kimberly, and their two children were fortunate enough to adopt a four-year-old boy from foster care. During the same time period, Eric’s father-in-law passed away suddenly from an aggressive cancer. These life-changing events led Eric to take stock and imagine who would take care of his family and their needs if something happens to him. These events led Eric to choose the practice of Estate Planning. He is committed to making sure the estate plans he assists families in making will keep up with all of life’s little changes (and the big ones too!). Eric focuses his practice on Estate Planning, Trusts, Elder Law, and Probate and serves the Northern Kentucky area.

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